Researchers at the University of Southern California have made a major breakthrough in tooth enamel regrowth. This discovery could one day change how dentists treat enamel erosion.
Why Tooth Enamel Matters
Tooth enamel is a nonliving tissue. Unlike bone, enamel does not regrow naturally in the human body. Lack of enamel can cause sensitivity and even pain, making teeth more susceptible to breakages, decay, and other issues. Previously, once enamel eroded, it was gone forever.
USC Researchers Explore Enamel Regrowth
The team at USC discovered an enzyme found only in teeth—metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20). This enzyme is a key component in biomineralization and the initial creation of enamel. MMP-20 “chops up amelogenin proteins, which facilitate organized enamel crystal formation.”
In practical terms, researchers are investigating whether MMP-20 can work with other enzymes to allow enamel-making cells in the body to add more mineral and regenerate enamel.
Hydrogel Testing Shows Promising Results
The team tested a hydrogel recipe on human molars prepared with artificial decay and saliva. The gel, already known to “repair early tooth decay by growing an enamel-like layer,” showed significant improvement over other remineralization methods, which produced disorganized crystal structures.
Next, the researchers plan to modify the hydrogel by adding MMP-20 in hopes of creating a stronger, enamel-like seal for teeth.
While more research is needed, this breakthrough could one day allow dentists to restore tooth enamel naturally and reduce sensitivity.